De Werkgroep Ruimtevaart groepeert VVS-leden die zich interesseren in de ruimtevaart. Anderzijds proberen we op allerlei manieren over ruimtevaart te vertellen en te schrijven.

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Nieuws Uit De Ruimtevaart – Week 2025/49–780

Deze week waren er 9 lanceringen. Gewoontegetrouw waren er 4 Starlink-lanceringen. Er waren ook nog 1 Europese (een Vega C) en 4 Chinese. Waaronder een eerste poging om de eerste trap van een Zhuque 3 na lancering terug te laten landen. De lancering werd een succes, de landing liep uiteindelijk fout. En na de problemen met Shenzhou 20 enerzijds en met het Russische Soyuz-lanceerplatform anderzijds, was er deze week een nieuw “drama”. De Russische kosmonaut Oleg Artemyev maakt niet langer deel uit van de Crew 11 bemanning. Het lijkt er op dat hij iets te enthousiast allerlei SpaceX-documenten aan het fotograferen was. Dat en nog veel meer ook deze week in het Nieuws Uit De Ruimtevaart.


Bij de foto: Soyuz MS-28 is gekoppeld aan de Rassvet-module, een deel van het Russische ISS-segment. De capsule ziet er perfect uit, wat niet kon gezegd worden van het lanceerplatform na de lancering. Foto: NASA.

 

 

Belgisch ruimtevaartnieuws. 

 

ISAR Space mag Belgische satelliet lanceren (Redwire voor ESA) – IOD/IOV – ΣYNDEO-3.
European Spaceflight: sar Aerospace Awarded Contract to Launch EU In-Orbit Demo Mission.
Space News: Isar Aerospace wins launch contract for European tech demo satellite.

 

European Investment Bank – Geld voor Aerospacelab.
EIB: Belgium: Europe’s space sector gets lift as EIB provides Belgian satellite maker Aerospacelab €37.5 million in financing.

 

Aerospacelab – Nieuws van Nahla/Iperlite.
Twee Linkedin-berichten, eentje over “first contact” en eentje over de eerste foto.

 

Vlaams geld voor diamantkwantumchips.
VRTNWS: Vlaamse Regering investeert 800.000 euro in versnelde ontwikkeling van diamantkwantumchips: "Voordelig voor industrie en geneeskunde".


Het wordt niet vermeld in het artikel maar het is wellicht ook goed nieuws voor het oscar_qube project van de Universiteit Hasselt.
Uhasselt: OSCAR-QUBE aboard space station ISS.
Op de facebook-pagina lees je trouwens meer over een recente lancering (14 november) met een Duitse MAPHEUS-16 vanuit het Zweedse ESRANGE.

 

De lanceringen van de afgelopen week.

 

30.11.2025 – Chinese Lange Mars 7A lanceert Shijian 28.
Xinhua: China launches new satellite into space.
ECNS (foto’s): China launches new satellite into space.
China in Space: Vague Shijian Mission Launched out of Wenchang [Long March 7A Y10].
Space News: China launches classified Shijian-28 spacecraft, reusable Zhuque-3 rocket faces delay.


Filmpjes:
CGTN: China launches Shijian-28 satellite.
SciNews: Long March-7A launches Shijian-28.

 

01.12.2025 – SpaceX lanceert Starlink-satellieten – Group 6-86 (KSC).
SpaceCom: SpaceX blasts off into December with early morning Starlink launch from Florida.


Filmpjes:
SpaceX via X: Watch Falcon 9 launch 29 Starlink satellites to orbit from Florida.
SciNews: SpaceX Starlink 330 launch and Falcon 9 first stage landing, 1 December 2025.

 

01.12.2025 – Vega C lanceert Kompsat-7 voor Zuid-Korea.
Arianespace: Arianespace successfully launches Kompsat-7 satellite with Vega C.
De launckit voor deze vlucht kan je downloaden via deze webpagina.


SpaceCom
: Europe's Vega C rocket launches advanced Korean Earth-observation satellite to orbit.
Spaceflight Now: Arianespace launches South Korean Earth observation satellite on Vega-C flight.
Space News: Vega C launches South Korean satellite.


Filmpjes:
Arianespace: Flight VV28 | KOMPSAT-7 | Vega C | Arianespace.
Arianespace: Flight VV28 | KOMPSAT-7 | Vega C | Liftoff Sequence.
SciNews: Vega-C launches KOMPSAT-7.

 

02.12.2025 – SpaceX lanceert Starlink-satellieten – Group 15-10 (VSFB).
Spaceflight Now: SpaceX launches evening Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg SFB.
SpaceCom: SpaceX launches 60th mission of the year from California.


Filmpjes:
SpaceX via X: Watch Falcon 9 launch 27 Starlink satellites to orbit from California.
SciNews: SpaceX Starlink 331 launch and Falcon 9 first stage landing, 2 December 2025.

 

02.12.2025 – SpaceX lanceert Starlink-satellieten – Group 6-95 (CCSFS).
Spaceflight Now: Sunset SpaceX launch adds 29 more Starlink satellites into low Earth orbit.
SpaceCom: SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket launches 29 Starlink satellites from Florida.


Filmpjes:
SpaceX via X: Watch Falcon 9 launch 29 Starlink satellites to orbit from Florida.
SciNews: SpaceX Starlink 332 launch and Falcon 9 first stage landing, 2 December 2025.

 

03.12.2025 – Geslaagde lancering Zhuque 3 en de crash van de eerste trap.
Space News: China launches classified Shijian-28 spacecraft, reusable Zhuque-3 rocket faces delay.
Ars Technica: This Chinese company could become the country’s first to land a reusable rocket.


China in Space
: LandSpace Successfully Debuts Zhuque-3, Falls Barely Short of Landing [Zhuque-3 Y1].
ECNS: Chinese company tests reusable rocket.


Channel New Asia
: China's LandSpace fails to complete reusable rocket test.
Space News: Zhuque-3 reaches orbit on test flight, first stage lost during landing attempt.
NasaSpaceFlight: China pushing for reusability milestone with Zhuque-3 launch and near-landing.
SpaceCom: China's 1st reusable rocket explodes in dramatic fireball during landing after reaching orbit on debut flight.
Ars Technica: A spectacular explosion shows China is close to obtaining reusable rockets.


Spacepage
: Chinese commerciële Zhuque-3 raket succesvol gelanceerd maar onderste rakettrap gaat verloren bij terugkeer.


Filmpjes:
Landspace (via X): ZhuQue-3 Y1 Reusable Launch Vehicle Launch Mission Recap
CGTN: China's reusable Zhuque-3 rocket validates design with successful orbital flight.
The Launch Pad: LIFTOFF! LandSpace ZhuQue-3 Test Flight.
The Launch Pad: ZhuQue-3 CRASHES on First Landing.
Breaking Space: Chinese Falcon 9-size Rocket ALMOST Lands on First Attempt! | Zhuque-3 Flight 1 Update.

 

04.12.2025 – SpaceX lanceert Starlink-satellieten – Goup 11-25 (VSFB).
Spaceflight Now: SpaceX launches 28 Starlink satellites on Falcon 9 rocket from Vandenberg SFB.
SpaceCom: SpaceX launches 28 Starlink satellites to orbit from California.


Filmpjes:
SpaceX via X: Watch Falcon 9 launch 28 Starlink satellites to orbit from California.
SciNews: SpaceX Starlink 333 launch and Falcon 9 first stage landing, 4 December 2025.

 

05.12.2025 – Chinese Kuaizhou 1A lanceert VDES-A en VDES-B.
China in Space: Maritime Navigation Duo Launched From Jiuquan [Kuaizhou-1A Flight-31].


Filmpjes:
CCTV: China's Kuaizhou-1A Rocket Launches Two New Satellites into Space.
SciNews: Kuaizhou-1A launches VDES A and VDES B.

 

06.12.2025 – Chinese Lange Mars 8A lanceert SatNet LEO Group 14.
China in Space: GuoWang Becomes China's Largest Constellation for Second Time With Wenchang Mission [Long March 8A Y5].
ECNS: China launches 14th group of low-orbit internet satellites.
Xinhua:  China's Long March-8A rocket launches new internet satellite group.


Zie ook:
China in Space: China's mega-constellations mega-article


Filmpjes:
CGTN: China launches 14th group of low-orbit internet satellites into space
SciNews: Long March-8A launches SatNet LEO Group 14

 

 

Nog enkele vorige lanceringen.

 

Nog eens de problemen met lanceerplatform na het vertrek van Soyuz MS-28.
NSF: Russia left without access to ISS following structure collapse at Baikonur launch site.
Ars Technica: Before a Soyuz launch Thursday someone forgot to secure a 20-ton service platform.
SpaceCom: Damaged launch pad: How long before Russia can send astronauts to the ISS again?

 

 

Raketnieuws.

 

28.11.2025 –Een mislukte Russische ICBM-test.
Het zou gaan om de nieuwe Sarmat ICBM.
Russian Space Web: A missile explosion recorded over Dombarovsky.
BBC: Verified video shows huge explosion after failed Russian missile test.
Arms Control Association: Sarmat Failure Casts Doubt on Russian Heavy ICBM.


Ook in september 2024 waren er problemen.
Ars Technica: Satellite images suggest test of Russian “super weapon” failed spectacularly.


Meer info over de RS-28 Sarmat vind je op Wikipedia.

 

Over de Chinese Lange Mars 10 en de Chinese Lange Mars 12.
China in Space: Long March 10 Series Booster Recovery Ship Delivered To Launch Vehicle Academy.
China in Space: Long March 12 Series Jiuquan Launch Pad Complete Ahead of Reusable Rocket Debut.

 

Nova-raket van Stoke Space geselecteerd voor een Celestis-vlucht – Infinite Flight.
Space News: Celestis Selects Stoke Space’s Nova for Infinite Flight: Humanity’s Next Deep-Space Memorial Mission.
Meer over de “Infinite Flight” (Q4.2026) vind je op de Celestis-website.

 

Blue Origin wil afvalwater dumpen in Indian River.
Fox35 Orlando: Blue Origin asks for permit to dump rocket wastewater in Indian River.
Fox35 Orlando: Brevard County residents speak against Blue Origin wastewater dump permit.
Fox35 Orlando: Blue Origin wastewater is safe from fuel, Florida DEP says: What we know about the permit.

 

Israëlische Moonshot Space vindt geld voor een eletromagnetische lanceerder.
Payload: Moonshot Space Raises $12M for Electromagnetic Launch.
The Times of Israel: Israeli startup unveils quest for electromagnetic launcher to shoot cargo into space.

 

Ooit afgevraagd hoe een raket gebouwd wordt?
ULA (filmpje): ULA Rocket Factory Tour.

 

HAPS – High Altitude Platform Stations.
RoomEU: High-altitude platforms - the search for an optimised legal framework.

 

Ruimtetoerisme – Het Chinese InterstellOr.
China in Space: Test Tourism Space Capsule Begins Assembly.

 

 

Bemande ruimtevaart / Ruimtestations.

 

ISS – Crew 12 – Russische ruimtevaartder Oleg Artemyev werd uit de bemanning gehaald wegens overtreging ITAR-wetgeving in de US.
SpaceCom: Cosmonaut removed from SpaceX's Crew 12 mission for violating national security rules: report.
Space News: Roscosmos replaces cosmonaut on next Crew Dragon mission to ISS.
Gizmodo: Russian Cosmonaut Kicked Off SpaceX Mission Over Alleged National Security Violation.

 

ISS – De blogentries / On the ISS this week.
ISS Blog: Space Station First: All Docking Ports Fully Occupied, 8 Spacecraft on Orbit.
ISS Blog: New Trio Gets Up to Speed With Station Life as Space Biology Continues.
ISS Blog: Biology, Physics Research Progress as Crews Hand Over Responsibilities.
ISS Blog: Station Trio Nears Departure During Busy Day of Blood Research.
ISS Blog: Crew Swaps Commanders on Sunday as Trio Packs for Departure.


SpaceCom
: 3 astronauts settle into their new life in orbit | On the International Space Station this week Dec. 1-5, 2025.

 

ISS – Meer nieuws uit het ruimtestation.
NASA: The International Space Station Marks 25 Years of Continuous Human Presence.
SpaceCom: For the 1st time ever, 8 spacecraft are docked to the International Space Station.
NASA: NASA Astronaut Jonny Kim Advances Research Aboard Space Station.
Space Daily: NASA extends ISS National Lab management contract through 2030.


Universe Today
: Why Scientists Are Studying Mayonnaise in Space.
Universe Today: Why NASA Needs Space Gardeners.


Spaceflight Now
: International Space Station prepares for new commander, heads into final five years of planned operations.


Filmpjes:
NASA: NASA Astronaut Discusses Life In Space With Buffalo Bills Podcast – August 26, 2025.
NASA: NASA Astronaut Jonny Kim Advances Research Aboard Space Station.

 

Over de terugkeer van Shenzhou 20.
ECNS: China details Shenzhou-20 capsule damage; experts cite sub-millimeter debris impact.
Reuters: Damaged Shenzhou-20 spacecraft to return to Earth uncrewed for inspection.
Inside Outer Space: China’s Damaged Shenzhou-20 to Return to Earth in Uncrewed Mode.
SpaceCom: China to bring damaged spacecraft back to Earth after sending up replacement for stuck astronauts.


Space News
: China faces temporary emergency launch gap after space station lifeboat crisis.


Filmpje:
CCTV: China's Shenzhou-20 Spaceship to Make Uncrewed Return to Earth.

 

Meer nieuws uit het Chinese ruimtestation – CSS.
ECNS: Shenzhou-21 crew advances key space experiments in orbit.
China in Space: Shenzhou-21 Taikonauts Participate in Medical Experiments, Routine Emergency Drill.


Filmpje:
CCTV: Shenzhou-21 Astronauts Conduct Science Experiments, Emergency Drills in Orbit.
CCTV: Shenzhou-21 Crew Ready for First Spacewalk.

 

BAS – Bharatiya Antariksh Station / ROSS –  Russian Orbital Science Station.
The Times Of India: Aryabhata to Gaganyaan: Russia-India ready to deepen space partnership; comes ahead of Putin’s visit.
Zie deze tweet voor een eerste vermelding. Beide ruimtestations komen in een zelfde baan..
The Tribune: Indian space station to be fully operational by 2035, says minister.

 

 

Naar de Maan (en Mars).

 

USA vs China – De (nieuwe) race naar de Maan.
NASA Watch: Another China Congressional Hearing.
De livestream i.v.m. de Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee Hearing: “Strategic Trajectories: Assessing China’s Space Rise and the Risks to U.S. Leadership” vind je hier.
Zie ook dit bijbehorende document (PDF).


Ars Technica
: Congress warned that NASA’s current plan for Artemis “cannot work”.
Space Policy Online: Getting Back to the Moon Before China No Sure Bet.
Payload: China Could Beat the US to the Moon, Experts Warn.
SpaceCom: 'We have lost a lot of time.' Former NASA chief says US needs to start over with moon landing plans or risk losing to China.


De volledige “hearing” vond je al eerder in dit topic. Hier nog een fragment:
Video From Space (filmpje): Fmr. NASA chief tells Congress that US needs to start over with moon landing plans.

 

Artemis 2 – Zorgt een “oneffenheid” voor enige vertraging? Nieuw logo op boosters.
Spaceflight Now: Orion hatch ‘blemish’ delays launch day rehearsal for Artemis 2 astronauts.


Collect Space
: NASA reveals 'America 250' logo on rocket launching crew to moon.
Een bijbehorend filmpje vind je hier.

 

Artemis 4 – Gateway / ML2 – SLS Block 1B – Eerste Europaan naar de Maan.
NASA: NASA Selects 2 Instruments for Artemis IV Lunar Surface Science.
SpaceCom: 1st European to fly to the moon will be German.

 

Artemis 5 – Lunar Terrain Vehicle – LTV.
Ars Technica: NASA seeks a “warm backup” option as key decision on lunar rover nears.

 

Artemis – Naar de Maan en Mars.
NASA: NASA Awards Lunar Freezer System Contract.
NASA: Mark Elder: Building the Future of Spacewalking for Artemis and Beyond.


ESA
: New ESA connection to advance robotics for lunar exploration.

 

Starship nieuws.
SpaceCom: SpaceX can launch its Starship megarocket from Florida pad, Air Force says.
SatNews: SpaceX Starship Authorized for Operations at SLC-37.
Space News: SpaceX gets approval to build Starship launch complex at Cape Canaveral.


Filmpjes:
LabPadre Space: Starship's Second Launch Tower Is Almost Operational! - Spaceflight Weekly #195.
NSF: Booster 19 Stacking Begins FAST as SLC-37 Approved for 152 Landings a Year.
NSF: "NEXT: Booster 19 comes together" | SpaceX Starbase.
Video From Space: SpaceX fires up Raptor 3 engine for Starship V3 ascent burn test.

 

 

Op ontdekking door het zonnestelsel.

 

Meer nieuws uit de (inter)planetaire ruimte.


Ruimteweer:
Gizmodo: How Solar Flares Could Have Corrupted An Airbus Plane.
CNN: Airbus finds another issue affecting its best-selling A320 passenger planes.


PhysOrg
: UK space weather probe captures biggest solar radiation spike in almost 20 years.
SpaceCom: Rare solar flare caused radiation in Earth's atmosphere to spike to highest levels in nearly 20 years, researchers say.


Zon:
ESA: Sun-watcher SOHO celebrates thirty years.
ESA: 30 years of SOHO imaging the Sun (animated).


Maan:
The Space Review: Chandrayaan-3 successfully undertakes lunar flybys.
Astrobotic (filmpje): Griffin-1 Hot Fire Engine Test 2025 – CLPS.


Aarde:
NASA (filmpje): NASA’s OSIRIS-APEX Spacecraft Slingshots Past Earth.
ESA: EarthCARE lifts the clouds on climate models.
ESA (filmpje): EarthCARE’s instruments work in synergy to improve climate models.


Venus:
ESA (filmpje): Europe’s next mission to Venus – Envision this (introduction).


Mars:
NASA: NASA Rover Detects Electric Sparks in Mars Dust Devils, Storms.
SpaceCom: Electric discovery on Mars! Scientists find tiny lightning bolts coming from Red Planet dust clouds.
Inside Outer Space: Alien Iron Found on Mars?
ESA: A martian butterfly flaps its wings.
ESA (filmpje): Circling a martian butterfly.
ESA: Rolling out the red carpet for Mars – Rosalind Franklin.
European Spaceflight: ArianeGroup Receives Rear Heat Shield Mock-Up for ExoMars Mission.
PhysOrg: How sound moves on Mars.
Universe Today: Long Ago, Mars Had Massive Watersheds — Now Finally Mapped.
RocketLab (filmpje): ESCAPADE | TCM-1.
NASA: Testing Drones for Mars in the Mojave Desert.


Bennu:
NASA: Sugars, ‘Gum,’ Stardust Found in NASA’s Asteroid Bennu Samples.
NASA (filmpje): Bio-Essential Sugars Discovered in Samples from Asteroid Bennu.
Universe Today: Scientists and Senators are Excited About the Sugars Found in the OSIRIS-REx Samples.


Apophis:
SpaceCom: A dying satellite could use its final moments to photograph the infamous asteroid Apophis in 2029.


3I/Atlas:
ESA: Comet 3I/ATLAS shows activity in Juice navigation camera teaser.
ESA: Hubble reobserves 3I/ATLAS.
SpaceCom: NASA spacecraft tracks comet SWAN in incredible 40-day timelapse — and even glimpses interstellar invader 3I/ATLAS.


Om af te ronden:
Werkgroep maan en planeten: Podcast: Recente ontwikkelingen in het zonnestelsel – november 2025.

 

 

Meer ruimtevaartnieuws.

 

CM25 – Nog wat gerelateerde berichten.
Payload: Breaking Down Europe’s Launch Funding.
Space News: Orbex trails other European Launcher Challenge companies as U.K. delays funding decision.
European Spaceflight: Updated: Over €900 Million Committed to European Launcher Challenge.


Breaking Defense
: ESA leaders greenlight $1.6 billion for new ‘non-aggressive’ space security initiative.
ESA: Financiële impuls zorgt voor uitbreiding van ruimtevaartveiligheidsprogramm.
Payload: ESA Keeps the Door Open for More Defense Funding.


SpaceCom
: Europe passes record-breaking space budget while NASA hit with deep cuts.
The Space Review: A big win for European space.


Space News
: The EU Space Act: a call for true strategic fairness.

 

European Space Shield – De Duitse plannen.
Space News: Germany’s space defense strategy marks a turning point. Private investors must now respond.

 

Hyperion OFV – Ruimtefabriekje te lanceren met een ballon/raket.
Space News: ACME Space plans test run for balloon-launched space factory next year.
Extreme Tech: Acme Space to Use Balloon-Rocket Hybrid to Launch Orbital Pharmaceutical Factory.

 

Reditius werkt aan een herbruikbaar reentry voertuig, met het oog op o.a. in-orbit manufacturing – ENOS.
Payload: Exclusive: Reditus Space Unveils Plans For Reusable Reentry Vehicle. 
Space News: Reditus Space joins reusable satellite wave with $7 million seed round.

 

Constructie Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope voltooid.
Er moeten nog wel een reeks testen afgewerkt worden.
Mogelijk volgt een lancering in de zomer van 2026 met een Falcon Heavy.
NASA: NASA Completes Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Construction.
SpaceCom: NASA's next-gen Roman Space Telescope is fully built. Could it launch earlier than expected?


Filmpje:
NASA: Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope Final Integration.


Nog wat eerdere berichten:
SpaceCom: NASA's next-gen Roman Space Telescope is surprising scientists with its capabilities. It hasn't even launched yet.
NASA: NASA’s Roman Observatory Passes Spate of Key Tests.
Universe Today: Nancy Grace Roman Has Been Shaken, Frozen, and Screamed At. Now It's Ready For Its Next Round of Tests.


Filmpje:
STScI: Nancy Grace Roman and the Roman Space Telescope.

 

Isaacman wordt nieuwe NASA Administrator.


Voorbeschouwingen: 
Inside Outer Space: Lost and Found: Jared Isaacman’s Upcoming Nomination Hearing.
Space News: The U.S. Senate vs. the Athena Plan — NASA on trial.
Payload: A Preview of Isaacman’s Confirmation Hearing.
Spaceflight Now: Jared Isaacman makes second appeal for NASA administrator position.


NASA Watch
: Testimony from Jared Isaacman.


Aerospace America
: In second NASA admin hearing, Isaacman urges moon-Mars push amid China race.
Space News: Isaacman, senators emphasize urgency in returning humans to the moon.


Space Policy Online
: Isaacman’s Second Hearing Mostly Friendly, Nomination Could Clear Senate Soon.
NSF: Isaacman hearing overviews bold vision for NASA.
SpaceCom: Was Elon in the room where it happened? This senator still wants to know.
Payload: SpaceX Ties Were All Business, Isaacman Says.


Nog dit:
NASA Watch: “Project Athena” by Jared Isaacman.


Filmpjes: 
Commerce Republicans: Chairman Cruz Announces Nominations Hearing for NASA and Commerce Nominees.
Ook hier te bekijken.
NSF Breaking Space: Jared Isaacman’s Message of Urgency for NASA.

 

Trump, Isaacman en Space Shuttle Discovery.
SpaceCom: Trump pick for NASA chief Jared Isaacman pledges to move space shuttle Discovery to Houston, lawmaker says.
NASA Watch: Shuttle Move Update.

 

PWSA – Nieuws.
Air & Space Forces: SDA Back on Track to Award Satellite Contracts After Funds Went to Troop Shutdown Pay.

 

Space Force – Nieuws.
Air & Space Forces: Space Force Weighs Range Upgrades to Support Reusable Rockets.
Air & Space Forces: Space Force Plans Surveillance Sats to Complement RG-XX Reconnaissance Fleet.
Breaking Defense; Liquid propulsion for hypersonics provides flight capabilities not seen before.
Space News: Space Force top buyer says rapid commercial innovation is reshaping military space strategy.
Air & Space Forces: Report: Space Force and SPACECOM Need Cross-Domain Support to Gain Superiority.

 

Cybersecurity.
Space News: Spire to build eight satellites for Deloitte’s on-orbit cybersecurity program.

 

Golden Dome – Missile Defense Shield.
Breaking Defense: MDA picks over 1,000 initial winners for Golden Dome contracting vehicle.
Breaking Defense: Inside Honeywell’s business strategy for Golden Dome.
Defense One: Gargantuan Golden Dome contract vehicle clears 1,000-plus firms to vie for slices of $151 billion.
Space News: Missile Defense Agency clarifies ‘SHIELD’ vendor selection is not a Golden Dome preview.

 

Over de Russische ruimtevaartindustrie na de inval in Oekraïne.
National Interest: Astropolitics After Ukraine: How Sanctions Rewired Russia’s Space Economy.


Veel lees- en kijkplezier,


Koen 

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